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Para ilmuwan bergerak selangkah lebih dekat untuk memahami distribusi spesies dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim
Date:
August 7, 2015
Source:
Sheffield, University of
Summary:
Para ilmuwan bergerak selangkah lebih dekat untuk memahami distribusi spesies dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim .
................. Perubahan iklim sangat berdampak pada keanekaragaman hayati , menempatkan beberapa spesies terancam punah . Namun, beberapa spesies tanaman beradaptasi dengan kondisi baru mereka , dan pergi untuk berkembang dan menyerang daerah di mana mereka tidak pernah tumbuh sebelumnya - sesuatu yang sebagian besar tetap menjadi misteri bagi para ilmuwan ..............more
Scientists move
a step closer to understanding species distributions in the face of climate
change
Date:
August 7, 2015
Source:
Sheffield, University of
Summary:
Scientists move a step closer to understanding species distributions in the
face of climate change.
...................
A team of international researchers, led by the University of Sheffield,
has moved one step closer to discovering how physiological attributes allow
some plants to thrive in a variety of conditions -- something that could be the
key to future food sustainability.
Climate change strongly impacts on biodiversity, putting some species at
risk of extinction. However, some plant species adapt to their new conditions,
and go on to thrive and invade areas where they have never grown before --
something that largely remains a mystery to scientists.
Until now, little research has been done to understand the link between
species' characters and ecological preferences.
Dr Marjorie Lundgren, a postdoctorate researcher from the University of Sheffield's
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, led an international team of
scientists from France, South Africa, the United States, Uganda, and Tanzania,
to look in detail at the species Alloteropsis semialata, a grass that prospers
in a variety of habitats, from South African grasslands to the wooded savannahs
of Tanzania.
Alloteropsis semialata is the only species known to have plants with and
without C4 photosynthesis, which is a complex assemblage of leaf anatomical
characters and enzymatic reactions that together increase productivity in warm
and dry environments.
The syndrome is present in just three percent of all plant species yet
accounts for one quarter of terrestrial primary production. This impressive
productivity is due to C4 grasses, which dominate most open areas of the
tropics and subtropics and especially savannahs.
Through genomic analyses, Dr Lundgren and her team found that Alloteropsis
semialata originated in Central Africa during the Pliocene -- the period of
geologic time that extends from 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago.
Using novel approaches the scientists were able to understand the
ecological changes that happened during the dispersal of this species, first in
Africa and then in Asia and Australia. The team found that while the non-C4
plants remained confined to a small range of ecological conditions in Central
Africa, the evolution of C4 photosynthesis immediately broadened the ecological
conditions where the species could grow.
The pioneering research, published in Ecology Letters, discovered that C4
plants can disperse broadly across environmental and geographical space, while
still surviving in the same habitats occupied by the non-C4 ancestors, showing
that this physiological novelty increases the variety of habitats available,
which allowed the rapid colonization of three distinct continents by this
unique grass.
Dr Lundgren said: "In a world rapidly affected by climate changes and
other anthropogenic alterations of natural systems, understanding how
physiological attributes allow some plants to thrive in a variety of conditions
might hold the key to the management of more resilient ecosystems. In addition,
understanding what allows some plants to be productive in a variety of
environments could help direct future crop improvement projects."
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided bySheffield,
University of. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Marjorie R. Lundgren, Guillaume Besnard, Bradley S. Ripley, Caroline E.R.
Lehmann, David S. Chatelet, Ralf G. Kynast, Mary Namaganda, Maria S.
Vorontsova, Russell C. Hall, John Elia, Colin P. Osborne & Pascal-Antoine
Christin.Photosynthetic innovation broadens the niche within a single
species. Ecology Letters, August 2015 DOI:10.111/ele.12484